The recent wildfires that swept through Los Angeles in January serve as a reminder of the growing threat of wildfires globally.

As the LA fires dominated the media for weeks, it forced many people to confront the reality that wildfires are increasing in frequency and severity, and above all, there is an urgent need to address the underlying causes. This is a crucial lesson for regions in California and beyond, especially in cities across Canada, where global warming is already drastically altering our ecosystems and contributing to more frequent extreme weather events.

The link between global warming and extreme weather events, particularly wildfires is clear – rising temperatures change participation patterns, creating hotter, drier conditions, which in turn increases the frequency and intensity of wildfires. While many wildfires are human-caused (e.g., from burning debris or garbage, unattended campfires, negligently discarded cigarettes, etc.) natural wildfires can also be started when lightning strikes dry vegetation (resulting from warming weather patterns). Since 1880, average global temperatures have increased by about 1° Celsius resulting in substantial changes to the planet’s climate over time. This problem continues to worsen with 2024 recorded as the warmest year yet (at about 1.55°C above pre-industrial levels). Canada is warming twice as fast as the global average. As wildfire activity becomes more frequent, what does this mean for wildlife and our ecosystems?

One positive aspect is that animals can sense the danger posed by wildfires. In fact, the more substantial impacts often occur after the wildfire, due to the large-scale habitat loss that has occurred, in combination with the destruction of food sources, shelter and nesting sites. Especially in the Canadian context, species who rely on old growth are particularly affected. Migration will often cause them to encounter people, wandering into urban areas in search of food and shelter.

The impacts of wildfires on our ecosystems are detrimental to the health and wellbeing of countless species, as well as human beings, as we rely on ecosystem services. However, it is important to remember that forest fires are also a natural occurrence. The good news is that many species have adapted to thrive in post-fire landscapes, and there are even some plants that rely on fire to release seeds and encourage new growth. Prescribed fires have long been a part of Indigenous cultures across Canada, and in some ecosystems they can even enhance the habitat diversity and support regeneration and health.

That is not to understate that these wildfires are occurring more often, and are growing in intensity caused by the impacts of climate change. The balance of our ecosystems remains at risk. The future of wildlife and ecosystems across Canada is increasingly uncertain and troubling. Immediate action is needed. What can you do? Consider supporting climate change mitigation efforts and landscape restoration projects. Maybe seek new ways to reduce your carbon footprint, and use your voice to advocate for political leaders and policy changes that protect our environment and promote sustainable land management practices. If nothing else, spread awareness and educate others on eco-friendly practices and local conservation efforts.

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